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Clementines
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( clémentines , clementinas , Klementinen )
Clementine
literature (also called Clementia, Pseudo-Clementine Writings,
The Preaching of Peter - Kerygmata Petrou - etc.) is the name
given to the religious romance which purports to contain a
record made by one Clement (whom the narrative identifies
as both Pope Clement I, and Domitian's cousin Titus Flavius
Clemens) of discourses involving the apostle Peter, together
with an account of the circumstances under which Clement came
to be Peter's travelling companion, and of other details of
Clement's family history. This romance has come down to us
in two forms: one form is called the Clementine Homilies,
which consists of 20 books and exists in the original Greek;
the other is called the Clementine Recognitions, for which
the original Greek has been lost, but exists in a translation
made by Rufinus (died 410). Two later epitomes of the Homilies
also exist, and there is a partial Syriac translation, which
embraces the Recognitions (books 1-3), and the Homilies (books
10-14), preserved in two British Library manuscripts, one
of which was written in the year 411. Some fragments of the
Clementines are known in Arabic and in Slavonic.
Large portions of the Homilies
(H) and Recognitions (R) are almost word for word the same,
and larger portions Clementine also correspond in subject
and more or less in treatment. However, other parts contained
only in one appear to be referred to Clementine presupposed
in the other. The two works are roughly of the same length,
and contain the same Clementine framework of romance. H was
considered to be the original by Neander, Baur, Schwegler,
and others. Lehmann thought the first three books of R to
be original, and H for the remainder. Uhlhorn argued that
both were recensions of an earlier book, Preachings of Peter
(usually referred to by its Greek equivalent - Kerygmata Petrous),
R having best preserved the narrative, H the dogmatic teaching.
Whiston, Rosenmüller, Ritschl, Hilgenfeld, and others
held R to be the original. It is now almost universally held
(after Hort, Harnack, Waitz) that H and R are two versions
of an original Clementine romance, which was longer than either,
and embraced most of the contents of both. Sometimes H, sometimes
R, is the more faithful to the archetype.
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